Training Of Qualified Specialists Research Articles

Text Mining technologies in sociological analysis (using the example of studying students`ideas about the mission of a modern university)

There are discussed in the article the possibilities of using Text Mining methods in the practice of analyzing the information received on the base of open questionnaire questions. The paper presents an example of unigrams and bigrams analysis, as well as the search for latent topic using thematic modeling. Empirical materials present the data of survey conducted in 2022, in which 929 students of one Moscow economics university took part. In the open question of the questionnaire, it was proposed to define the mission of the university. Information made it possible to get the subjective interpretation of the main significancy of higher education in modern conditions. The frequency analysis of unigrams, supplemented by a qualitative analysis of respondents’ statements, allowed reflecting the vocabulary of student discourse about the mission of the university. The articulation of bigrams was carried out on the basis of several statistical metrics, which made it possible to rank phrases and highlight a key set of concepts. The procedure revealed that in the perception of students, the priorities of the university are aimed at the transferring of professional knowledge and skills, in a broad sense – the training of qualified specialists. The social functions of the university, focused on meeting the needs of society and the state, are less pronounced in the conceptual interpretations of the interviewed students. At the next stage of the study the task of articulation and research of latent topics was put forward. The specific feature of thematic modeling is that the words combined into one topic reflect the distribution of words identified by the program, but not a topic that is literally understandable to a person. Taking into account the specifics of the method used, the authors demonstrated the results of search analysis in the practice of processing an open question. As it turned out, the keywords concentrated in the core of the main topics are mainly related to meeting the needs of the students themselves, leaving on the periphery of the verbalized definitions any understanding of the importance of the university as a platform for innovation, scientific research, entrepreneurial and other initiatives for the benefit of society and the country. The results of the presented research can be useful in rethinking the research tools of sociologists in the context of the active development of digital technologies, which requires testing new methods, understanding their real capabilities and limitations in solving the tasks of sociological research.

Формування професійної компетентності майбутніх фахівців з професійної освіти засобами цифрових технологій

The relevance of the study is due to the current state of education as a social institution that determines the professional success and competitiveness of young people in the labor market. The competency-based approach to education is one of the key areas for improving higher education in Ukraine. This approach contributes to the realization of the concept of humanistic education, provides for the training of qualified specialists who have not only in-depth knowledge of their profession, but also are able to navigate in related fields, are ready for continuous professional development and social and professional mobility.
 The article considers the content of professional competence of future specialists in vocational education and highlights the principles and approaches aimed at its formation by means of digital technologies. It has been determined that the professional competence of future vocational education specialists is an integrative and dynamic characteristic of a person based on a set of special knowledge, practical skills, abilities and personal qualities. The analysis of the practice of using digital technologies in education has confirmed their significant potential in reforming the content, forms and methods of teaching students. It is noted that the construction of educational interaction on the principles of systematicity, integrity, professional orientation, interactivity, reflection, individualization of learning and social responsibility, as well as the application of the provisions of competence-based, activity-based and personality-oriented approaches will contribute to the training of highly qualified specialists who have a wide range of knowledge and professional skills, show the ability to improve the work process with the help of the latest technologies and have the ability to self-development.
 The prospects of the study are to develop a model of professional training of future vocational education specialists using digital technologies and to organize a pedagogical experiment to determine its effectiveness.

Competence-based approach as a new strategy for preparing future Physics teachers to form a scientific worldview of students

Relevance. In the context of reforming the socio-economic, political and cultural life of the country, the modernisation of secondary and higher schools, the change of the educational paradigm and teaching technologies, the problems of training teachers of a new development are of particular relevance. A special place in the training of qualified specialists is given to integration education. Purpose. The purpose of this scientific article is to consider the problems of professional training of future physics teachers, concerning the development of the scientific worldview of students in the conditions of reforming the socio-economic, political and cultural life of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Methodology. The basic method of the scientific article is a systematic analysis of the existing process of modernisation of secondary and higher schools, the change of educational paradigm and learning technologies in the Republic of Kazakhstan, with reference to the conditions of reforming socio-economic, political and cultural life, in which the forecasting method is integrated to determine the general trends in the development of the education system for a specific period of time. Results. In the form of activities related to the profession, there is an increasing need for specialists of a wide profile who are able to mobilise the knowledge gained from various fields of science. The strategy of improving the professional training of future physics teachers assumes a conscious systematic organisation of the management of the educational process. The article succinctly describes the elements of this system organisation. Conclusions. The results of this scientific article are of particular importance for modern science and production, which are developing simultaneously in the direction of specialisation and integration, in activities that are associated with industrial professions, where the need for broad-profile specialists is increasing, who are able to mobilise the knowledge gained from various fields of science.

POTENTIAL OF DUAL FORM OF EDUCATION IN TRAINING OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN SOCIAL WORK

The article characterizes dual education as an innovative form of training of qualified specialists, based on the development and deepening of interaction between the professional education system and the professional environment. It is noted that all applied professions have great potential for the use of a dual form of education, in particular, in the field of health care, engineering, economics, tourism, finance and management, and social work. The domestic normative and legal framework of dual education has been analyzed. The experience of Germany, which is the birthplace of dual education, is presented. Traced the process of introducing elements of dual education into the process of training specialists in Ukraine, which began in the mid-2010s with the launch of pilot projects for the training of skilled workers. The advantages and disadvantages of dual education from the point of view of the educational institution, the student and the employer are outlined. The prospects of dual education in the training of social work specialists as representatives of the applied profession are considered. It is emphasized that it is dual education that deepens the connection between theoretical and practical training of future social work specialists, creating conditions for students to learn the laws and principles of professional activity, master the methods and forms of its organization. The article indicates the difficulties and risks that accompany the process of introducing a dual form of education in the training of social workers, in particular: the need to take into account regional aspects of the training of social workers, the unpreparedness of higher education institutions for the introduction of new organizational approaches to education, an undeveloped financing mechanism, the lack of guarantees for the continuation of a graduate’s work at the enterprise, the presence of a full staff of employees, low motivation of education seekers to work in production, lack of mentors at the workplace, etc.

Team Method for Teaching First Aid Skills in a Simulation Center

Simulation technologies are now being actively introduced at all levels of higher education in the training of qualified specialists in medicine: starting with basic general medical skills in junior courses, and ending with teamwork skills for interns and residents, as well as practicing doctors with work experience in the course of additional professional education.

FORMATION OF EDUCATIONAL COMPONENTS IN THE SPECIALTY OF GEODESY AND LAND SURVEYING AT THE BACHELOR LEVEL

It has been proven that the formation of modern approaches to the development of educational components and the application of educational programs allow solving a complex of problematic issues regarding the training of qualified specialists, especially in the field of geodesy and land management. In addition, in recent years there has been a decrease in applicants, an increase in the level of competition between universities. Therefore, creating conditions to ensure the development of higher educational institutions based on attracting applicants is an important and urgent task. The purpose of the study is the formation of educational components in the specialty of geodesy and land management at the bachelor's level, taking into account modern transformational processes. The identified tasks of the research are related to: highlighting the transformational aspects of the formation of educational components at the bachelor's level; characteristics of educational components; determining the results of education at the bachelor's level in the specialty of geodesy and land management. The directions and educational components of the formation of the educational program in the specialty of geodesy and land management at the bachelor's level have been determined. Characterized competencies and defined learning outcomes: formation and use of knowledge about geodesy and land management; creation of an information base to ensure the development of land use; formation of spatial provision of territories; to know and apply regulatory and legal support in professional activities; research of retrospective aspects of the formation of geodetic and geospatial provision of territories; carrying out surveys and prospecting, topographic-geodetic, cartographic, project and project-research works in the field of geodesy and land management; application of modern geoinformation systems and technologies for the formation of spatial information; formation of land management documentation of territories; organization and conduct of geodetic and land management works; formation and implementation of recommendations on increasing the efficiency of land use of the territories; creation of conditions for territorial development of land use, taking into account spatial, town-planning, ecological, investment features. As a result of the study, directions for the distribution of hours of educational components according to a modular and disciplinary approach are proposed. Keywords: educational components, educational programs, geodesy and land management, bachelor's level.

Особенности обучения иностранных студентов «патофизологии – патофизиологии головы и шеи» на английском языке

In this article the generalized experience of teaching the discipline “Morbid Physiology – Pathophysiology of the Head and Neck” in the intermediate language (English) to foreign students studying at the Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute in the specialty “Dentistry” is reflected in order to identify the peculiarities, as well as to find possible solutions to eliminate the difficulties arising in the process of teaching the specified disci-pline. To achieve this goal, the authors solved the following tasks: to summarize the experience of teaching this discipline; to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the methodological component of the educational process; to propose possible solutions for emerging problematic situations. Methods of the research conducted by the authors: empirical, theoretical (method of critical analysis of available documentary material, analysis of pedagogical literature sources), analysis and synthesis; forecasting. As a result of the study the peculiarity of the application of the competence based approach during the educational process is emphasized. The tech-niques contributing to the effective study of the discipline “Morbid Physiology – Pathophysiology of the Head and Neck” are described in detail – the technique of business medical game, round table method. Examples of tasks from teaching aids offered to students in practical classes and in the course of independent work are giv-en. It is shown that the educational process organized by the faculty of the Department of Pathology fully con-tributes to the training of qualified specialists who are able to professionally and competently solve complex problem situations that arise.

Employment of Graduates of Secondary Vocational and Higher Education Institutions of the Kursk Region in Conditions of Disproportion between the Educational Segment and the Labor Market

Relevance. In modern conditions, when significant social and social changes are taking place, the problem of employment of graduates of institutions of secondary vocational and higher education is becoming important and needs fundamental changes in the field of employment. Due to the imbalance in the process of training specialists at all levels of education with the real needs of the labor market, there is periodically an oversaturation or shortage of certain professions. Consequently, there is a disproportion between supply and demand in the field of educational services, on the one hand, and the employment market, on the other. The purpose is to identify the causes and consequences of the imbalance of the educational sphere and the labor market and employment.Objectives: to characterize theoretical approaches to the analysis of the socio-economic nature of the labor market; to determine the value attitudes of young people in the professional and labor sphere; to identify the problems of employment of young professionals in the labor market of the Kursk region.Methodology. The study is based on concepts and theories that reveal the socio-cultural and socio-economic nature of the Russian labor market and employment. Methods of synthesis, comparison and analogy were applied, which made it possible, on the basis of specific empirical material, to determine the main problems of employment of graduates of institutions of secondary vocational and higher education in the Kursk region.Results. Educational institutions have a low orientation towards the training of qualified specialists. Communication employer (economic entity) - graduate (university) is in a state of imbalance and ultimately does not solve the problem of youth entering the labor market.Conclusions. The main difficulties in finding a decent job are the rather high requirements of the employer to the applicant and the lack of work experience in the chosen profession. The most significant factors in employment are wages, proximity of work to home and flexible employment schedule. It is not always good (excellent) academic performance at a university (SSU) that becomes the determining factor on the part of the employer for choosing a potential candidate for a particular vacancy.

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ ДЛЯ СОЗДАНИЯ ТУРИСТСКОГО МАРШРУТА ПРИ ВЫПОЛНЕНИИ ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЙ РАБОТЫ ПО ОСНОВАМ ТУРИСТСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

In this scientific article, by means of methodological techniques, it is proposed to apply an algorithm for the independent development of a tourist route in practical classes on the basics of tourist activity when teaching students of higher educational institutions. The training of qualified specialists in the field of tourism activities contributes to the expansion of markets in the segment of domestic tourism in Russia.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МОБІЛЬНОСТІ ЯК ПРОФЕСІЙНО ЗНАЧУЩОЇ ОСОБИСТОЇ ЯКОСТІ СТУДЕНТІВ

The globalization of education causes fair criticism of the self-sufficiency of the universities of any country for the training of competent specialists; moreover, the need to expand the academic mobility of students is generally recognized today. The article describes the main methodological approaches to defining the essence of the concept of ‘academic mobility’. The purpose, tasks, and functions of academic mobility of students in the context of international educational integration have been studied. Significant changes that have taken place in society, fundamental changes in the field of higher education have caused a rethinking of the goals, tasks and methods of organizing education in our country. One of the main goals of education is the training of qualified specialists who are able to navigate the constantly changing reality, master new modern technologies, implement them in practice and successfully master fundamentally new fields and activities. Successful self-realization and feeling comfortable in modern society, as well as ensure its sustainable development, will be possible for specialists who are able to improve themselves and transform professional reality in accordance with the requirements of time and modern society. The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of the formation of personal mobility of future specialists. The activity of the individual is manifested in the ability to mobilize one’s capabilities, realistically evaluate events and find one’s place in the surrounding life, defend one’s views, etc. Thus, personal mobility expresses a tendency in a person’s desire to achieve the satisfaction of his material and spiritual needs, which are growing. As a result of the conducted research, it was stated that academic mobility is one of the important conditions for the development and self-realization of an individual in modern conditions. This enables students to: continue receiving further education; independently form an educational trajectory in accordance with interests, inclinations, needs; gain additional knowledge in related fields; improve foreign language and intercultural communication skills; get acquainted with foreign culture, history, etc.

Организация милицейских курсов в Донецкой губернии в первой половине 20-х годов ХХ века

The relevance of the study is due to the need to comprehend and use the results of long-term activity of state institutions for the training of qualified specialists of internal affairs bodies.
 The article examines the activities of the courses for senior and junior policemen formed in 1923 in the Donetsk province, their classes were conducted according to the program of the Main Militia of the Ukrainian SSR. The level of responsibility and interest of the NKVD in the sphere of the educational process of the formed provincial militia courses is shown. The problems of material, educational and methodological support of the provincial militia courses, as well as the shortage of teaching staff in the main disciplines, are analyzed.
 The purpose of the study is to study and summarize the historical experience of the NKVD-MIA of the RSFSR, the USSR on the organization, as well as the legal regulation of professional training and professional education of militia personnel.
 Methodological basis of the study is the institutional approach, which is traditional in the study of the history of state-legal systems, combined with elements of historical and logical methods.
 Research results. The authors come to the conclusion that the militia courses played a significant role in the formation of professional skills, as well as the quality of militia personnel in Donbass during the studied period. The study materials can be useful for practitioners in the organization of educative work with cadets and students of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Training of qualified specialists in the conditions of digitalization of education

Modern professions offered high demands on the intellectual skills of employees to students’ place. Information technologies, especially multimedia, provide an opportunity to develop the intellectual skills of students. High requirements for the intellectual development of students occupy one of the leading positions in the international labor market. A delay in the development of intellectual skills means a delay in life. Therefore, in professional preparation of students for the modern digital society, it is necessary, first of all, to develop their intellectual skills and teach them how to apply them in practice

Formation of Professional Competencies Based on Independent Activity of Students

This article discusses some features of the process of forming professional competencies based on the planning, organization and management of independent work of students. The author reveals the experience of working on the formation and development of professional competencies in new conditions. At the same time, the main emphasis is on the creative work and motivation of the student. Independent work of a student is an integral part of the training of qualified specialists in higher educational institutions. A feature of modern professional training of students is the predominant nature of individual and independent work. The materials of the article and its conclusions can be useful for students, teachers, postgraduates and researchers interested in the problems of the formation of professional competence and independent work of correspondence students.

АКАДЕМИЯЛЫҚ ҰТҚЫРЛЫҚТЫ ДАМЫТУ - УНИВЕРСИТЕТТЕРДІҢ ИННОВАЦИЯЛЫЛЫҒЫНЫҢ НЕГІЗГІ ФАКТОРЫ

Integration of higher education is a tool for strengthening economic competitiveness in the world market, requires the development and creation of interstate mechanisms for the implementation of tasks to ensure high-quality training, ensuring the mobility of both teaching staff and students. Such a statement of the issue requires coordination of the actions of different States and their unification into different unions through the conclusion of various interstate conventions and agreements.In order for the activities of universities, primarily universities, in the training of qualified specialists in demand on the labor market to be effective, it is necessary that these educational institutions themselves have an innovative orientation in solving personnel training issues.The organization of academic mobility, analysis and expertise of experience, discussion of opportunities and problems of developing cooperation with Kazakh, Russian and foreign universities within the framework of academic mobility are the main factors of innovation.

Academic and mass genres in the works of M. Magomayev

This article examines academic and mass genres in the work of the legendary singer of the Soviet pop music Muslim Magomayev. The subject of study is the musical creativity of M. Magomayev. The purpose of the study is the role of the creative heritage of a gifted singer, as well as understanding the value of his concert and artistic activities in the process of formation of the musical and artistic layer of the second half of the twentieth century, identifying the features of his musical language. The theoretical basis of the research was the works of M. Magomayev [16, 17, 22, 23], V. I. Antonova, A. N. Huseynova, V. V. Dubovsky, I. I. Nazarova, I. F. Sokolova, N. Reliable, R. Ramazanova, S. Belza, etc. The methodological basis of the work was the research of: M. Aranovsky [1], B. Asafiev [2], A. Iskanderova [7], L. Kazantseva [9], T. Lev [12], M. Lobanova [13], I. Mayevskaya [18], M. Mikhailov [19, 20, 21], E. Nazaikinsky [26, 27, 28, 29], S. Skrebkova [38], A. Sokolova [39], A. Sokhor [41, 42, 43], A. Zucker [47, 48], V. Zuckerman [49]; works on the problems of musical dramaturgy by Yu. Keldysh [10, 11], A. Selitsuogo [36], I. Sollertinsky [40], T. Chernova [50, 51]. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the fact that for the first time the role of the performing interpretation of M. Magomayev's musical heritage is revealed, the stylistic features of the performer, the musical language of his songs and individual manner are revealed. The conclusions of this article may be useful in creating an educational and methodological base for the training of qualified specialists in the field of musical art. Also, in the study of the history of Russian pop music, and in the training of teaching staff in the field of music education. This problem can be introduced into the conservatorial disciplines of the historical, theoretical and methodological cycle for the specialties: musicology, musical art, pop and jazz singing.

ІНФОРМАЦІЙНА ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ ОЦІНКИ ЯКОСТІ ЗНАНЬ ФАХІВЦІВ В ІТ-ГАЛУЗІ

Urgency of the research. The topic of the research is the quality of the specialist's training and knowledge. The sources do not have a single definition of the terms "quality of specialist training" and "quality of specialist knowledge", but theyall mean general "quality". The quality of a specialist means that they have properties that allow them to perform their professional work in accordance with their specialty, to be an active citizen, to constantly improve their qualifications and, if necessary, to change their profession.Target setting. In the modern IT labor market, there are many areas, such as UX/UI designers, Front-End, Back-End specialists, network specialists and cyber security specialists. In Ukraine, there are more than 212 thousand IEs working in the field of IT. In 2021, the increase in the number of IEs increased by 16%. Currently, the growth in the number of IEs has decreased compared to 2018-2020. Ukraine has many CTEAs related to IT, including computer programming, informatization consulting, data processing, publishing of computer games and other software.Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. In his research, P.I. Kanivets defined the quality of a specialist as a setof properties and characteristics that defines them as a specialist of a certain profession and specialty. The skills of a specialist can be divided into technical and communication skills, and they are determined by the level of productivity and the ability to do a job well. In the field of IT, there are many different levels of technical specialists with different levels of knowledge, skills and experi-ence. Differences between levels determine the ability to solve various problems and the ability to learn and improve oneself.Uninvestigated parts of generalmatters defining. There are general skills that IT professionals need, but there are also many other skills that have different levels of value depending on the position. At the moment, there is no universal way to automatically detect the level of specialists' skills, which concerns both "hard skills" (technical skills) and "soft skills" (inter-personal skills).The research objective. The purpose of the work is to study the general skills and abilities of an IT specialist and an attempt to derive a universal formula for calculating the reference model of the competencies of an IT specialist. The statement of basic materials. In particular, a methodology has been developed that allows to assess the compliance of the level of training of graduates with the requirements of vacant positions in the design department. A survey of managers and leading employees of UX/UI design departments from various organizations was also conducted in order to determine the most important qualities of employees in UI/UX design.Conclusions. On the basis of the opinion of the heads of the IT industry, the dominant professionally significant and personal qualities necessary for specialists to successfully implement professional activities in the field of UX design wereidentified.Based on the requirements of the reference competency model of an IT specialist, a methodology that allows to assess the level of training of candidates for the position with the requirements of IT department managers, as well as to provide assistance in supporting decision-making when choosing the most suitable employee has been created.

АНАЛИЗ СЕРВИСНОЙ СТРАТЕГИИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ БОЛЬШИМИ ДАННЫМИ НА МАЛЫХ И СРЕДНИХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ

Goal. The use of big data technology can significantly improve the efficiency of enterprise management and strengthen its viability. The development of the Internet based on the use of big data technologies is an effective means to overcome the financial problems faced by small and medium-sized enterprises. Service platforms using new information technologies such as the Internet, big data and the sharing economy have unique service advantages that can provide cost savings due to the scale and volume of services provided. Such platforms are of great practical importance for the healthy and rapid development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Tasks. Technology-based enterprise development is difficult to achieve on their own, and they require targeted and professional knowledge provided by internal knowledge service departments, intermediary service agencies and government agencies. The purpose of this knowledge is to improve the knowledge reserves of small and medium-sized technological enterprises and stimulate their development and innovation. This paper analyzes the relationship between small and medium-sized enterprises and big data technologies, and raises issues related to awareness, technology, politics, and talent. In addition, appropriate strategies are proposed that can contribute to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Methodology. The authors used such research methods as statistical analysis, observation, generalization, description and graphical modeling. Results. In order to overcome these problems and promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the context of big data technologies, it is necessary to implement appropriate strategies. First, it is necessary to conduct information campaigns and educational programs aimed at raising awareness about the possibilities of using big data in business. Secondly, government agencies and regulatory organizations should develop policies and legislation that promote the use of big data technologies and ensure the protection of enterprise data. Thirdly, it is necessary to support the development of affordable and easy-to-use data analysis solutions that will be available to small and medium-sized enterprises. Finally, it is important to invest in the education and training of qualified specialists in the field of data analysis and big data technologies. Conclusions. The implementation of these strategies will help create a favorable environment for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises based on big data technologies. This, in turn, will lead to an increase in the efficiency of enterprise management, strengthen its viability and stimulate innovation, contributing to the economic development of the country as a whole.

Scientific potential of ukraine in marine research areas

The study of the national scientific potential in the marine field was carried out on the basis of the analysis of the data of the R&D registration database and dissertations of UkrISTEI for the period 2017–2021, the state of training of specialists in the Higher Education and Research Institute of the Ministry of Education and Science in the fields of marine research in six areas of marine research (1. Ecology of rivers, seas, oceans, coastal areas, ecological consequences of human activity, 2. Fisheries, 3. Infrastructure of water management, 4. Geology and development of marine mineral and energy resources, 5. Production of machines, equipment, means, 6. Logistics) by indicators: quantitative assessment of R&D and dissertations in general in all spheres, as well as in the cross-section of spheres and thematic directions, organizations – performers of R&D (grouped according to the spheres of management to which they belong); dynamics of the number of research and development projects and dissertations, growth rates of the total number of research and development projects and dissertations in thematic areas of marine research; quantitative assessment of the specialties for which scientific and engineering personnel are trained on marine issues. The article provides not only a general analysis of the state of scientific research, dissertation activity of scientists and training of qualified specialists in the field of marine research, but also emphasizes the main, above-mentioned, areas related to water and maritime complexes. According to the results of the analysis of R&D and dissertations, the most relevant thematic directions of marine research were determined, which include: 1.1. Ecosystem of rivers, seas, oceans, 2.3. Aquaculture, 3.2. Hydrotechnical and hydromelioration facilities, 4.2. Development of marine mineral resources, 6.2. Shipbuilding.

Compliance with the principles of social responsibility in e-commerce

The article defines the essence of e-commerce, as well as the factors that determine its popularity among entrepreneurs, retailers and consumers around the world. The factors that identified the dynamic development of e-commerce in almost all regions of the world have been identified. E-commerce opens up significant opportunities for both the average consumer and business – the rapid development of logistics, the openness of borders, and an almost unlimited contact audience. The article analyzes the trends in the development of this sphere of business in the context of regions of the world is carried out, a ranking of countries by the share of retail sales of e-commerce is presented. It is established that China occupies the leading position, whose share in online trading was 52.1%. In general, it should be noted that the Asia-Pacific region is striking in its pace and scale of development of e-commerce. Stable dynamics of online sales also demonstrate the United States. In Latin America, the e-commerce market is poorly developed and uneven. Only six countries demonstrate sustainable results and transaction volumes (Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, Chile, Peru). As for Africa, the e-commerce market is just beginning to grow and is currently significantly behind the world leaders. The main obstacles to the dynamic development of e-commerce are as follows: limited possibilities of logistics of goods, insufficient distribution of the Internet among the population, lack or restriction of access to online payment services and lack/insufficient level of trust in online trading. The rapid development of e-commerce has also gained in European countries. The article determines that in the context of the countries of the world, e-commerce develops disproportionately, there are main players that determine trends and influence the rules of electronic commerce. The dynamic development of e-commerce in Ukraine began in 2016. After joining the Free Trade Area with the EU. The development of e-commerce provides unprecedented means and opportunities for the development of world trade. The study considers indicators for assessing the level of readiness of the country for e-business: the state of basic infrastructure and technologies in the country; availability of the necessary infrastructure; distribution channels and development of other sectors; the level of use of the Internet by private business; awareness and availability of consulting services; quality of specialist training; state regulation. It is specified that the social position of e-commerce should consist in harmonious coexistence, interaction and constant dialogue with society, participation in solving social problems.

Cognitive and professional motives development under introduction of competency model for specialists training

In modern conditions of development and improvement of Russian education and its focus on professional activities, it is of particular importance to build an effective and objective system that ensures training of qualified specialists, as well as monitoring and evaluating intermediate and final learning outcomes. At the same time, a two-level training system aimed at improving the quality of higher education and specialists training should be implemented through the improvement of the control system and methods for assessing the quality of education, the development of progressive methods aimed at improving the quality of education. Ultimately, a high level of motivational orientation among graduates, which ensures successful adaptation, accelerated entry into the profession should be formed. As well, young specialists with readiness and ability to perform duties efficiently and effectively need to be trained. The article outlines the essential foundations and the most important components of professional orientation of maritime university cadets in the learning process.